Publication date: Available online 27 December 2013 Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics
Author(s): Andrea Bernini , Lucia Henrici De Angelis , Edoardo Morandi , Ottavia Spiga , Annalisa Santucci , Michael Assfalg , Henriette Molinari , Serena Pillozzi , Annarosa Arcangeli , Neri Niccolai
Hotspot delineation on protein surfaces represents a fundamental step for targeting protein-protein interfaces. Disruptors of protein-protein interactions can be designed provided that the sterical features of binding pockets, including the transient ones, can be defined. Molecular Dynamics, MD, simulations have been used as a reliable framework for identifying transient pocket openings on the protein surface. Accessible surface area and intramolecular H-bond involvement of protein backbone amides are proposed as descriptors for characterizing binding pocket occurrence and evolution along MD trajectories. TEMPOL induced paramagnetic perturbations on 1H–15 N HSQC signals of protein backbone amides have been analyzed as a fragment-based search for surface hotspots, in order to validate MD predicted pockets. This procedure has been applied to CXCL12, a small chemokine responsible for tumor progression and proliferation. From combined analysis of MD data and paramagnetic profiles, two CXCL12 sites suitable for the binding of small molecules were identified. One of these sites is the already well characterized CXCL12 region involved in the binding to CXCR4 receptor. The other one is a transient pocket predicted by Molecular Dynamics simulations, which could not be observed from static analysis of CXCL12 PDB structures. The present results indicate how TEMPOL, instrumental in identifying this transient pocket, can be a powerful tool to delineate minor conformations which can be highly relevant in dynamic discovery of antitumoral drugs. Graphical abstract
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Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Markey Center for Structural Biology, and Purdue Cancer Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and The Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas,...
Searching For Protein Binding Sites From Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Paramagnetic Fragment-based NMR Studies
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